ABSTRACT
Objective: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) affects millions of people worldwide. The article aims to review the therapeutic perspective on natural antioxidants, their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics in management and cure of COVID-19/ SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We conducted a literature search including World Health Organization and National Institute of Health guidelines and clinical trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov limited to antioxidants in COVID-19 management. Results: Elderly, immunocompromised patients, and others with underlying health conditions or multiple comorbidities have a high mortality rate. Disrupted redox homeostasis and oxidative stress seem to be biological pathways that may increase personal vulnerability to infection. Antioxidants like vitamins C, D, E, epigallocatechin-3 gallate, and morin have been reported to protect against COVID-19 disease. Reactive oxygen species are immunological regulatory elements of viral replication. Natural antioxidants exhibit potential action in preventing inflammation and organ dysfunction during viral infection. They also increase glutathione level, oxygenation rate, and immunological responses in the treatment of sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusion: No wonder the selection of prevention, treatment, and cure of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 mainly depends upon the antiviral and immunoregulatory activity which they possess. Yet, their efficacy against COVID-19 is of great concern and demands extensive study. © 2023 The Authors. Food Frontiers published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd and Nanchang University, Northwest University, Jiangsu University, Zhejiang University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.
ABSTRACT
Background: There are many complications seen post covid ranging from fatigue, headache, shortness of breath to serious conditions like opportunistic infections, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, lung fibrosis etc. The number of ACE-2 receptors is increased in various organs and this is responsible for the spread of the virus throughout the body, where it produces proinflammatory and profibrotic responses, thus leading to the various complications. Methods: Patients recovered from COVID-19 infection previously both clinically and microbiologically who had new onset of symptoms for which they presented to the OPD or emergency of the Department of Respiratory Medicine were included in the study. Repeat RTPCR negative patients, and age less than 18 years were excluded. Results: Mortality and complications of COVID-19 are more common in males than females. Patients with preexisting metabolic disorders like obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease being inflammatory conditions, not only exhibit an elevated cytokine storm, but are also directly associated with increased replication of the coronavirus. age more than 70 years may have other factors contributing to the increased risk of complications. Patients with severe illness who needed invasive ventilations or long duration of hospital stay were more prone for tissue damage that led to persistent symptoms. The most common post covid symptoms are fatigue, shortness of breath, anosmia and mental disorders. However more serious conditions that includes hematological complications like blood coagulation, pulmonary complications like respiratory failure, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, pneumothorax, pulmonary infections, cardiovascular complications like deep venous thrombosis, myocardial infarction etc. can also occur. Conclusion: COVID-19 is associated with a lot of complications there causes need to be studied in detail.
ABSTRACT
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared as a global pandemic. In the absence of vaccines or specific drugs for COVID-19, a better understanding and implementation of universal safety precautions is essential for the prevention of COVID-19 virus infection globally. People's adherence to the universal precautions safety measures against COVID-19 is essential which is largely affected by their knowledge and belief. Objectives: To assess the public's knowledge and belief toward the universal safety precautions during COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional web-based online survey was conducted in general public in Nepal during April, 2020. A self-designed questionnaire was prepared using Google forms via docs.google.com/forms for the collection of the data. The study participants were grouped into two categories according to their level of knowledge: excellent (score 80% and above) and average (score less than 80%). Descriptive statistics mean, frequency and percentage were used to analyze the data.
ABSTRACT
Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of severe complications including Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and multiorgan failure. Depending on the global region, 20–50% of patients in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had diabetes.